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      Orissa has the largest variety of tribal communities.These tribals are at various stages of socio-economic development. At one extreme are the group which lead a relatively secluded and archaic mode of life, keeping their core culture intact, while at the other extreme there are communities which can not be distinguished from the general agricultural communities.

      The tribal people differ in their social organization, language, rituals and festivals and also in their dress, ornamentation, art and craft and this way it shows their cultural identity and distinctiveness. They manage the internal affairs of the village through the village council and the youth dormitory. The dormitory is the core of tribal culture and it reinforces the age-old traditions.

      Each fact of their life is deeply connected with religious belief, ritual practices, livestock sacrifices, and belief in the supernatural powers. It is these aspects of their culture that give meaning and depth to their lives, and solidarity to their social structure.

      The tribes of Orissa have retained the rich and varied heritage of colourful dance and music which forms the integral part of their festivals and rituals. It is through them and their art and craft that the tribals seek to satisfy their inner urge for revealing their soul and to express the joy of free life. The artistic skill of the tribal people is also seen in their dress and ornaments, wall-paintings, handicrafts, wood carvings and decorations, etc.

      The wood carving of the Kondhs, metal works by lost wax process among the Bathudis, cane and bamboo basketry works among the Juangs and Bhuinyas, are all symbolic of their artistic quality and aesthetic sense. Some of the tribal communities have their own looms by which they weave clothes for their own use.